Afryka

No. 51/52 (2021): Afryka
Artykuły

Surface water resources in Africa

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  • Renata Dulias

Published 2022-04-16

Keywords

  • water resources,
  • inland waterways,
  • irrigation,
  • inland fishery

Abstract

The paper presents selected issues related to the surface waters of continental Africa. In the first part, the main rivers, lakes, wetlands, and dam reservoirs are characterized, and the second outlines their importance for agriculture, fisheries, and inland waterways. The data were taken from the literature, the FAO statistical yearbook and the Aquastat, World Waterfalls Database, and Global Lakes and Wetlands Database. Africa has the world’s largest river systems (Nile, Congo), one of the world’s largest lakes (Lake Victoria, Tanganyika), the world’s largest wetlands (Sudd, Okavango delta, Niger inner delta), and dam reservoirs that are among the largest in the world (Volta on the Volta River and Kariba on the Zambezi). However, water resources are unevenly distributed and dependent on exceptional variability in precipitation in the short and long term. Next to the regions with vast irrigation possibilities and the development of fisheries and inland waterways, Africa has regions with drastically low surface water resources. Climate change, combined with a growing population, will deepen the disparities.

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