Nr 51/52 (2021): Afryka
Artykuły

Tamy i zbiorniki wodne w Etiopii jako element polityki Hajle Syllasje I

Opublikowane 2022-04-16

Słowa kluczowe

  • Hajle Syllasje I,
  • Etiopia,
  • tamy,
  • propaganda,
  • woda

Abstrakt

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie znaczenia budowy tam i zbiorników wodnych w polityce ostatniego Cesarza Etiopii Hajle Syllasje I, zwłaszcza propagandowego wymiaru tej działalności. Artykuł ukazuje działania cesarza w szerszym historycznym kontekście, nawiązując również do kolejnych okresów po upadku Cesarstwa, przez co stara się dowieść ciągłości znaczenia problemu wykorzystania wody w etiopskiej polityce. Jako podstawowe źródło wykorzystane zostało wydawane za panowania Hajle Syllasjego czasopismo „Ethiopia Observer”, które promowało pozytywny obraz zmian zachodzących w tym okresie w Etiopii.

Bibliografia

  1. „Address of Emperor Haile Sellassie when inauguraiting Koka Dam”. 1960. Ethiopia Observer 4, 8, 247–248.
  2. Ahmad, Intikhab. 2018. „The new hydro-political situation in Africa”. World Affairs: The Journal of International Issues 22, 4, 60–75.
  3. Asiedu, Michael. 2018. „The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD): Ethiopia, Egypt and Sudan push for cooperation”. Global Political Trends Center 15, 1–6.
  4. Belete Belachew Yihun. 2014. „Battle over the Nile: The diplomatic engagement between Ethiopia and Egypt 1956-1991”. Journal of Ethiopian Studies 8, 1&2, 73–100.
  5. „[The] Blue Nile”. 1959. Ethiopia Observer 3, 1, 20–21.
  6. „[The] Bounty of the Awash”. 1960. Ethiopia Observer 4, 8, 246.
  7. Caulk, Richard. 2002. „Between the jaws of hyenas”: A diplomatic history of Ethiopia (1876–1896). Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag.
  8. „Charissimo in Christo filio Zarajacob Regni Aethiöpiae illustri salutem”. 2005. Lettere Tra I Pontefici Romani E I Principi Etiopici (Secc. XII–XX). Verrsioni E Integrazioni, red. Osvaldo Raineri. Città del Vaticano, 36.
  9. Davis, Mary. 2010. „Pankhurst, Estelle Sylvia”, w: Alessandro Bausi, Sigbert Uhlig et al. (red.), Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, tom 4. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 109–111.
  10. Dębowska, Magdalena. 2019. „Dolina Omo u progu społecznych i ekologicznych przemian”. Afryka 49, 1–18.
  11. „Ethiopian Industry from 1941”. 2014. w: Alessandro Bausi et al. (red.), Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, tom 5. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 351–354.
  12. „Ethiopia’s First Five-year Plan”. 1959. Ethiopia Observer 3, 4, 106–135.
  13. [The] Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, Ministry of Water Resources. 2001. Ethiopian Water Sector Strategy. dostępne na: http://extwprlegs1.fao.org/docs/pdf/eth165069.pdf, dostęp z dnia 5 października 2021.
  14. Fekade Azeze. 2005. „Ethiopia Observer”, w: Sigbert Uhlig et al. (red.), Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, tom 2. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 401–402.
  15. Gascon, Alain. 2010. „Qoqa”, w: Alessandro Bausi, Sigbert Uhlig et al. (red.), Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, tom 4. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 299–230.
  16. Howell, Paul; Michael Lock; Stephen Cobb (red.). 1988. The Jonglei Canal: Impact and opportunity. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  17. Hydro Rewiev. 2016. dostępne na: https://www.hydroreview.com/2016/12/15/6-6-mwaba-samuel-hydropower-plant-returned-to-ethiopia-following-completion-of-work-bychinese/#gref, dostęp z dnia 7 grudnia 2020.
  18. International Crisis Group. 2021. Containing the Volatile Sudan-Ethiopia border dispute. Brussels: International Crisis Group.
  19. Joesten, Joachim. 1960. „Nasser’s daring dream: The Aswan High Dam”. The World Today 16, 2, 55–63.
  20. Kliot, Nurit. 1994. Water Resources and Conflict in the Middle East. New Yourk: Routledge.
  21. Kloos, Helmut. 1982. „Development, drought, and famine in the Awash Valley of Ethiopia”. African Studies Review 25, 4, 21–48.
  22. Krebs, Verena. 2019. „Crusading threads? Ethiopian-Egyptian relations in the 1440s”, w: Benjamin Weber (red.), Croisades en Afrique: Les expéditions occidentales à destination du continent africain, XIIIe – XVIe siècles. Toulouse: Presses universitaires du Midi Méridiennes.
  23. Marcus, Harold G. 1963. „Ethio-British megotiations concerning the western border with Sudan, 1896-1902”. The Journal of African History 4,1, 81–94.
  24. McCann, James. 1981. „Ethiopia, Britain, and negotiations for the lake Tana Dam, 1922–1935”. The International Journal of African Historical Studies 14, 4, 667–699.
  25. Mekonnen Ermias. 2019. „Surface water and groundwater resources of Rift Valley Lakes Basin of Ethiopia: A review of potentials, challenges and future development perspectives”. International Journal of Recent Development in Engineering and Technology 8, 6, 4–10.
  26. Milas, Seifulazis. 2013. Sharing the Nile. Egypt, Ethiopia and geo-politics of water. London: Pluto Press.
  27. Müller-Mahn, Detlef; Million Gebreyes. 2019. „Controversial connections: The water-energy-food nexus in the Blue Nile basin in Ethiopia”. Land 8, 135, 1–20.
  28. Noer, Thomas J. 1984. „The new frontier and African neutralism: Kennedy, Nkrumah, and the Volta River Project”. Diplomatic History 8, 1, 61–79.
  29. Pankhurst, Richard. 1966. „Some notes for a history of Ethiopian secular art”. Ethiopia Observer 10, 1, 5–80.
  30. Pankhurst, Richard and Rita. 2013. Ethiopian reminiscences: Early days. Los Angeles: Tsehai Publishers.
  31. Pankhurst, Sylvia. 1959. „Zula Dam – Its geographical and historical background”. Ethiopia Observer 3, 8, 238–242.
  32. Rubinkowska-Anioł, Hanna. 2018. „Ethiopian Renaissance or how to turn dysfunctional into functional”. Politeja 5, 56, 109–121.
  33. Selected speeches of His Imperial Majesty Haile Selassie First 1918 to 1967. 1967. Addis Ababa: The Imperial Ethiopian Ministry of Information.
  34. Smidt, Wolbert. 2007. „Nile”. w: Sigbert Uhlig et al. (red.), Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, tom 3. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 1177–1181.
  35. Tadesse Kassa Woldetsadik. 2013. International watercourses law in the Nile River Basin. Three states at a crossroads. London: Routledge.
  36. Tadesse Kassa Woldetsadik. 2014. „Anglo-Ethiopian Treaty on the Nile and Tana Dam concessions: A script in legal history of Ethiopia’s diplomatic confront (1900–1956)”. Mizan Law Review 8, 2, 271–298.
  37. US Bureau of Reclamation. 1958. Studies of the Abay River water resources. Denver: US Bureau of Reclamation.
  38. Verhoeven, Harry. 2013. „The politics of African energy development: Ethiopia’s hydro-agricultural state-building strategy and clashing paradigms of water security”. Philosophical Transactions: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 371, 2002, 1–16.
  39. Verhoeven, Harry. 2015. Water, civilisation and power in Sudan. The political economy of military-Islamist state building. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  40. Vestal, Theodore M. 2003. „Emperor Haile Selassie’s First state visit to the United States in 1954: The Oklahoma interlude”. International Journal of Ethiopian Studies 1, 1, 133–152.
  41. Warner, Jeroen. 2011. Flood plann ing: The politics of water security. London: I.B. Tauris.
  42. Wossenu Abtew; Shimelis Behailu Dessu. 2018. The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam on the Blue Nile. New York: Springer.
  43. Zeray, Yihdego; Alister Rieu-Clarke; Anna Elisa Cascão (red.). 2018. The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam and the Nile Basin. Implications for tansboundary water cooperation. London: Routlege.